750 MAGYAR FOLK SAYINGS : SOME OF THESE WORDS OF WISDOM MAY SOUND FAMILIAR

Paczolay Gyula : 750 MAGYAR KOZMONDAS 

So many folk tales and sayings teach values, customs, and ways of life. Some of these will sound so familiar to Americans that one will wonder if the saying originated in Hungary or not.  Others are clearly from a time when agricultural life was the norm.

The sayings about a good wife being a beaten one make me cringe.  

But take a look at the use of the Hungarian language here: References to dogs, cats, pigs, goats, wolves, geese and sparrows, hares, ox - ropes and hanging, trees and weather, priests and Slovaks and Wallachians to discover the attitudes about life that made these sayings roll off the lips of the Hungarians.

Enjoy looking through these.

Some excerpts:

Okos disznó mély gyökeret ránt.

Amit főztél, edd is meg!

What you have cooked, you should eat as well.

You have to take the responsibility for your action.

***

Gúzsba kötve táncol.

He danced bound hand and foot.

He tries hard but has very little freedom of movement or action.

***

Szemérmes koldusnak üres a táskája.

A shy beggar has an empty scrip.

GYPSY SONGS MY MOTHER TAUGHT ME : GABOR BOLDOCZKI

THE AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE : GALICIA : CADASTRAL MAPS : HOUSE NUMBERS : GENEALOGY GEN-TIPS SERIES #3

THE AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE : GALICIA : CADASTRAL MAPS : HOUSE NUMBERS : GENEALOGY GEN-TIPS SERIES #3

Térkép is the Hungarian word for map. Térképek is the Hungarian word for maps. Vármegye is the Hungarian word for county. Some of the maps will use LATIN and some will use GERMAN.

A real find is when the register of a Cadastral Map that was made with the map still exists. The  register equates the numbers on the map, the numbers on the map, with the names of the property owners!  

This is especially helpful because basically the current day numbering system for buildings cannot be counted on to reflect the place a person lived or the land they owned back in the day. (I know you wanted to use Google maps to see where they lived using that information but...)

In villages and towns, even those with streets that were named and still have the same name today, the numbering system is not the same. For instance, today, if you want an address in a town in America, you will find that the even numbers are on one side of the street and the odd numbers on the other. Houses actually have house numbers on them and that's your official address for mail and packages and probably is the address on your driver's license or ID. Streets and roads are easy to identify with so much signage. That's not how house and buildings were numbered, if at all, in villages and small towns where everybody knew everybody and a stranger could easily get instructions on where to find someone. A local would show where to go by pointing, walking you there, or telling you to follow a curve in the road until you came to a big tree.

Houses in old Europe were often given numbers in the order they were built.  I've heard it said that the lower the number the older the building.  I've also heard it said that the numbers went up the further from the church. There are many churches that were built near an especially scenic or otherwise good location, such as near a running stream. Usually a settlement came first, and then, if there were enough people to attend a church, a church. (Find out when the church was built and if your ancestors lived in a village before it was build, their church records are likely at another village.) 

House numbers on births, marriages, and death records can help you identify family members - even generational members. The house (or farm or estate) number is where the event happened. (That means that if the birth was at the house of the midwife rather than at home the number might not be the family home,  but usually midwives came to the house of the birthing mother.) Most valuable are the numbers that appear on marriage records since they reflect where the bride and the groom were living at the time of the marriage, though the ritual happened in the church. You may be able to see if they started their married life in with parents and which household, and perhaps how long they lived there through the births of children, until they found a place of their own. Tradition in Hungarian culture was that the bride went to live with her husband's family.

One last thing.  The "house number" may actually not be the number of a HOUSE but of a PROPERTY that has many dwellings on it, such as a communal farmstead. This may account for a number of surnames at that number, including the boy and girl "nextdoor" who marry.  It may also represent the property being split among descendants.

So let's take a look at HUNGARICANA DATABASES LINK TO MAPS

HUNGARICANA MAPS LINKS  There are many maps of the capital, Budapest, but an array of towns.  Don't stop looking if the place you want is not on this list. Instead run a search for the name of the town (which will probably be included in the county.)

Here are cadastral maps of Livazeny - really terrific!  See the names of the land owners and then the land they owned. HUNGARICANA - LIVAZENY  (fixed link August 14 2025)

Some maps are not of the "town" but of the agricultural land and may include plans for moving water or what crops or trees are planted.  Some of these maps include the names of the owners of that land.

Here is a map that is in LATIN and shows where the vineyards and orchards are:

MAPS HUNGARICANA MEGYE - GONC RUSKA

Delineatio praedii Klastrom I (nclito) Comit(tat) ui Abaujvari  (Latin) 

I ran a search for LIPTO County and all these came up! HUNGARICANA MAPS LIPTO  notice that when you click on the map it brings up the modern map/location.

In the next post we'll look at another MAP RESOURCE!

All posts in this series have the tab Austrian-Hungarian Empire - Gen Tips

To bring up all posts in the series click on the label below!

C 2024 Magyar-American BlogSpot

BEST BLOOMS IN A BASKET

In Hungary the chrysanthemum, which in the U.S. we say "mum", is closely associated with funerals and death, perhaps because it can bloom into the harvest season.
 

1867 COMPROMISE MILITARY RECORDS - WHEN AUSTRIA RULED HUNGARY : TRANSLATING THE DOCUMENTS : HUNGARIAN GENEALOGY PRO TIP # 2

1867 COMPROMISE MILITARY RECORDS - WHEN AUSTRIA RULED HUNGARY : TRANSLATING THE DOCUMENTS : HUNGARIAN GENEALOGY PRO TIP # 2 

Depending on church records mostly for your research, you may find notations on marriages in particular that the groom is an officer -  tiszt,  or a soldier - hajdu, or you might see the word hadsereg - army. (Some men married by proxy while serving!) There might be a notation on a child's baptism that the father is serving. 

I'm using FamilySearch TM and the following records to discuss how to use these.  

Specifically, I'm using the following record group.

Katonai nyilvantartasi jegyzek 1863-1888   (List of Military Records) 

Gonc  Hadkiegeszito Parancsnoksag (Main Author)

Published in 1962 by Filmre vette a Genealogical Society of Utah 

I'm using film #008737879 and film #008737839 (but there are four categories available.)

These are Muster Rolls from the Gonc Military District.

There are notes that this film covers the years 1866-1876 (and birth dates 1841-46 and 1850 - 1856, suggesting that there are missing pages for men born 1847-1849) However another film many include some men born during that period.

These records are from Abauj county.  Before the split up of Hungary, Abauj county had much more territory than it does now, when parts of it are now Slovakia and towns now have Slovak names.  So these records have the potential to cover a lot of territory.

Some of the places mentioned include Goncruska, Szanto, Telki Banya, Fony, Crizoly, Also Reymecz, Ujfalu, Felso Dobfzu, Hejcze, Hermad Keres, ...

Gonc (also seen in archival records as Goncz and Gontz) was historically a civic center, a place of governmental administration, though it appears to be a small, unimportant town today. These military records include those men who came from the surrounding area. The four categories hold records that are thousands of pages and no index is forthcoming. In fact, I sense that the original records that FamilySearch microfilmed decades ago in archives within Hungary, were intended as a kind of index. But more on that later. *********

My experience:

First of all the FamilySearch SEARCH function in which you put in the film number was not working. I'd taken down the number 8737879 on notes and tried to use it in their SEARCH feature to bring it up. It did not work. I tried it with and without the 00 in front of the number.  I tried it multiple times.

Therefore, you may have to bring these up by going into the CATALOG function. Search in the CATALOG for Gonc (the name of the town) and then choose military records. You'll see the word Gonc twice as it is the town AND the Military District. 

Across the top of the records you will see columns/categories of information which are in Hungarian and sometimes in Hungarian and Old German lettering. Some of these were not properly written in the first place. So here are the corrections, sans the accent marks.

THE COLUMNS  

(Please note that this discussion covers the version used quite a bit but there is also a shorter version and a longer version existing on this film.)

1) a kozseg neve de osszeir asi jegyzekenek szama

This translates to "the name of the group and the number of notes."

In general this means "Where the person is from" because the name of the group is named after the town.  (This does not necessarily mean that this is where a soldier was born but think of it was where the person was living when it came time to serve in the military.  And there is a good chance it is also where they were born.)

On pages to the far left you will see a list of numbers, and that is where they hand wrote the numbers of notes otherwise thought of as "items."

2) Sorz szam

This translates to "Serial Number" and I see that this column is often blank.

3) A hadkötelesnek csaladi es kereszt vagy elo neve

This translates to "The conscript's family name and first and last name."

This sounds awkward.  It might be thought of as "soldier's name, first and last" however, I believe it is stated this way because sometimes a "family name" is not the same as the soldier's first and last name. This is because there is an understanding that some people come from a "House" such as a Noble House or a Clan (which would be the family name) and within that House  or Clan they have another name.  For instance, as a made up example, a person might be going by the name Janos Kovacs but come from a noble lineage Andrassy. On other records you might also see this written Janos Kovacs alias Andrassy.  There could be a variety of surnames that are associated with the House or Clan, harkening back to the ancient days. After looking at hundreds of pages, I haven't seen this written in, but the column heading allows for that possibility. Instead we are finding a first and last (or surname) simply with notation that the person is a noble. 

4) Szuletesi i eve

Translates to "year of birth."  Ahmm.  Birthday

Usually only a year is given.  But this is where you must be careful not to assume. The records are arranged so that the men are listed by year born, and the older they are, the earlier that year. And the older they are - in general - the LATER they are on the record/film. It's too bad full birth dates are not given. 

As I click along, reading page after page, I see that some effort is also made to group men by their home location.

5) szylet es helye  

translation? year and place  Think Location, Location, Location,

jaras is singular form of jarasok translating to district.  The Hungarian megye (county) was further divided by districts. Think of an American county, further divided by Townships.

megye means county

orszag means country

In general I see the name of a town listed again, often matching the first one mentioned.  So a man served or was in the reserves fairly close to home.

 6) vallas allapot - religious background

These records include men of Catholic (R.K.), Reform (Ref.) (Protestant), and Jewish background. They overall include people of all religious backgrounds. Greek Catholic (Gr.C.) may indicate that the family has Carptho-Rus (Ruthenian, Rusyn) heritage, or Ukrainian, or Slovak.  Evangelical (Eve) indicates they are Lutheran, indicating the family may have German heritage. Zsido is the term used for Jewish, though I have also seen Israelite (Isr).

Notlen - unmarried

Nos - married

Gyermek - child  (implied is a father)

vagy azok or those

nelkul - without

(Who would make a better recruit? A man who needs to support a family or man who won't leave a wife and children if he dies in military service?)

7 - 10) 

tudasa - awareness  (i.e. is this person intelligent? informed?  Educated? Have any special skills?)

olvasus - reading

iras - writing

zene - music

mesterseg - handyman

(This is about a man's education, and so how he might be useful to the military.  I like that they ask if the person knows music. Implied he plays an instrument or sings which might be useful if they march.)

11) az atyanak csaladi kereszt vagy eloneve

This translates to the father's family cross or first name...

The "family cross" is implied to be the family shield/ name, again this refers to noble House or Clan.

What I see in general is the name of parents (implied unmarried soldier) or the name of a wife (if married) but read across-

12) haz szam helyseg kozseg hol a hadkote les lakik

translates to "house number, location, district, where the soldier lives."

If this is filled out, it could be interesting.  It might tie into church records and other census.  It's a possible lead or secondary document.  

13) test nagy saga translates to the saga of the body or body story  hmmm....

test nagy saga translates to... I admit this word choice seems strange but it seems to be saying... "According to the little bird."  And we used to say "A little bird told me..." to indicate gossip - something personal.

Roughly, what does this person say about their health? How big are they? Basically it appears to be all about how TALL they are, and based on contemporary heights, these men are seemingly about as tall as Napoleon...  I see this column is left empty quite a bit.

On some forms:

mell merteke - breast courage  indicates a measurement size of chest . They need uniforms. (I see a soldier standing straight up to full height and sticking out their chest!)

Overall I'm reminded that people seem to have grown taller through the decades, because we have better nutrition. 

14) lelet az utolso allitasnal   Finding with the last alliteration/statement.

le lett az utolso   The last one is down.

Let's try the German :  

befund bei der bebten stellung  means "findings in the trembling position"?...

So - my genealogy friends - this seems to be asking "When the going gets rough, how does this man bear up? How does he act? Does he have courage? Or is he a weakling?

Hajdu means soldier.  So when I see hajdu written in, I figure that man has passed some test of courage or endurance or wit.

15) az ava stasi bizott many lelete reszrol  Findings /basis for findings by the committee/ commission

Katona - Military   Polgar - Civil

The absence of notes in this column indicate to me that this was probably only used if a soldier got himself in some trouble and therefore had to go into some review in which he was judged and some determination was made.

16)  az avatottnak be osztas  - for the initiated

iranti  - on

ki va - who is

na ta  - so there you are

I tried a translation from the German and it was worse.  asically, I believe this column is to express information on who is who, what their rank is. 

17) az avatas napja az ezred - the day of initiation is the regiment

Hadtest - corps

vagy osztaly neve - or class name

melyhez beosztatott - to which he was assigned

18) eszrevetel - perception (final assessment overall)

Other words encountered:

korostaly - old age.  These men are not elderly, they're just a bit older, still in their early twenties, so what is indicated is that they have probably nearer to ending their term of service.

Further the record will state where the person is stationed, if it is not in their hometown. In general it appears that most men served fairly close to their hometown, which probably made visiting family, taking care of personal adult responsibilities, and especially, being a reservist, easier on them and their families. These were agriculture economies in which the men's labor was very much needed.

Commentary:

The records are and are not arranged as one might expect.

Alphabetical, yes, however only by first letter. That means that it may appear to be fully alphabetical, taking into consideration every letter in a surname in some places, but do not be too quick to think the surname you seek is not listed  If the surname you are using begins with Sz, look through ALL of the letter S.  And so on.

To bring up ALL posts in this series click on the label 1867 - Austrian-Hungarian Military Gen Tips 

C 2023-2025 Magyar-American BlogSpot All Rights Reserved including International and Internet Rights. 

Slightly edited on April 8, 2023  

SANDOR PETOFI : POEMS WRITTEN IN HUNGARIAN and TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH

I learned that when it comes to translating poetry written in the Hungarian language, there can be a number of translations. 

I use a number of translation opportunities on the Internet, including the one Google offers.  I can't say that these translations are always correct or perfect, however, I do think the essential meaning is rarely lost.  The question would be the eloquence, a quality that I think is especially essential for poetry,   Here is a web site that offers a translation of the poem THE END OF SEPTEMBER by Sandor Petofi, a man who is thought of as one of Hungary's greatest poets.  

I looked at several sites offering a translation of this poem and think this is the best one.

To me this is a sentimental love poem, quite beautiful.

BABEL MATRIX : END OF SEPTEMBER IN TRANSLATION

PUMPKIN

 

ARTIST SAM HAVADTOY and the DOORS TO CELEBRATE SAINT and KING STEPHEN

STANDING IN UNITY WITH UKRAINIANS and UKRAINIAN-AMERICANS

 PROTESTS AROUND THE WORLD.

My heart goes out to those innocent of violence.

INTROSPECTIVE

 

SALATA

 

HUNGARIANESS IS WHAT?

 

What is HUNGARIANESS?

I recently went out to a coffee house and got to talking to strangers who were discussing ethnicity and race, and the recent issues that make it a too sensitive subject to discuss.  Several people excused what it was they were about to say by mentioning that they were NOT going to be "politically correct."  There was a Jewish American person and a Native American person there and then me, a representative of Hungarianess - or at least Hungarian-Americaness.  I thought about all the stereotypes I've presented here at MAGYAR AMERICAN BLOGSPOT.  Certainly some of these are silly and some are possibly trouble.  I mentioned how we Hungarians are supposed to be extra hairy people.

Perhaps what was most upsetting is that these people were NOT INTERESTED in the subject.  Perhaps being a Magyar-American is just too European for them.  The Native American person went on with a fractured history lesson of the Hungarians and a Irish-American blurted the whole story about us coming from Attila the Hun...  They drummed me out and went on discussing Black Lives Matter - which, by the way, they were all disgusted with.

Well, a coffee house may be the last bastion of free expression and they are allowed to think as they think.  What spawned this conversation was that the Jewish American walked outside a convenience store where he had purchased a cold soft drink when a Black man who he described as possibly a teenager bashed his face for no good reason with his fists.  He fractured this man's nose, split his lip, and gave him a concussion and a day spent in an emergency room.  Security cameras may have captured the assaults but the police were not interested and gave no home of finding or prosecuting the offender.  He wondered if it was an anti-Semetic attack or simply because he looks White.

What do most Americans who have no Hungarian heritage think of Hungary and Hungarians?

Not much.  That it's a conservative nation that hates gay people...?  That Hungarians are not tolerant about immigrants?

WHAT DO YOU THINK?

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SWANS and GYGNETS

 

FOUR POUND BUNCH OF GRAPES : CURRIER and IVES

THE 1828 HUNGARIAN PROPERTY TAX CENSUS : DECODE and READ : HUNGARIAN GENEALOGY PRO TIP #2

THE 1828 HUNGARIAN PROPERTY TAX CENSUS : DECODE and READ : HUNGARIAN GENEALOGY PRO TIP #2

HOW TO READ THE INFORMATION ON 

THE 1828 PROPERTY TAX CENSUS 

I'm providing more detailed translations than I can find elsewhere.

The press printed headings on this census are consistent, though you may find yourself wondering what the words mean, as they are in LATIN. There are fourteen CATEGORIES of Questions with subcategories in each. Remember LATIN was something of a common language in Europe, a unifying language, but should you encounter this census with headings in Hungarian or German, well, follow the columns below in any case.

1) THE NAME OF THE HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD, first and last. NOMINA CONTRIBUENTIUM. The women listed are almost all V -  Vidua - Widows.  The name listed will be the woman's given and surname at birth even if she is widowed. That is unless you see ne as a suffix to the surname.  Then that would be her dead husband's surname.  Example V Maria Lukacs - her maiden name.  V Maria Lukacsne - her husband's surname was Lukacs. Women with property in their own name were considered very good to marry.  Look for the death record of the husband and go forward to see if and when she remarries.

2) THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVING IN THE HOUSEHOLD ages 18 - 60 who are productive. EX HIS SUNT.  This is tricky.  Teenagers and children are not counted.  Neither are those thought to be too old to work. Therefore, if you see 1, that means one productive adult.  2 likely means a productive adult couple.  But 2 does not necessarily mean these are married people.  It could be a father and son or a mother and daughter or two brothers. What's tricky about it is that at the time children started to work young and most teenagers were also working around the house and farm, especially in the summers.  Consider the count would be the number of people who are CONTRIBUTING to the FINANCES OF THE HOUSEHOLD. So, an Old Mother (over 60) could be living there but not be considered as contributing even if she's out back with the hoe every day and feeding the pigs. Clearly by 60 in 1828 you are considered very old - out to pasture!  Death records prove very few live to be that age. I once saw a woman who was 96 at death.  The priest mentioned "Extreme Unction."

3) The status / class of the contributing adults.  We're still in feudal mentality in 1828. ONLY OWNERS OF PROPERTY ARE ON THIS CENSUS, not serfs or slaves. You might think of it as an emerging middle-class census.  But a PROPERTY OWNER and potential taxpayer may just have a house and garden or even less. You may want to find these same people on the URBARIUM 1767 and see if anyone went up or down the status / class ladder!

HONORATES - Honored People (May see if this correlates with the Perpetual People on the URBARIUM 1767.) Some interpretations are that this means Honored Professionals such as Doctor and Lawyer/ Judge/ Politician.  A person of achievement (or their ancestors were considered to be so) or simply that the person is educated.  Another interpretation has been that the person is NOBLE status.  However, noble status includes an exceptionally large population of people, many who are poor, so I go with the notion that the person is on this census due to their wealth first.

CIVES - Citizens (This must mean Not Foreigners) It seems to me that this column is rarely checked.  Perhaps I haven't encountered a place in 1828 were the person, with means (money), has just come in from a foreign country.

COLONI - Farmers - people settled on the land. (In some Church Records you'll see some people's addresses as Coloni, meaning on the farm outside of the town, rather than a house number. It is usually people living in "commune" that you see in church records - generally on farms.  (Not communes in the 1960's sense where people who are not family pull their resources or live off the land.)  On some church records you'll see the word "sub." (an abbreviation after the settlement name indicating the family is Subquilini. 

INQUILINI - Literally, My Guests (I'm letting these people stay.)  As Tenants (Yea, if they pay their rent!)

SUBQUILINI - Literally My Guest's Guests (More people I'm letting stay.)  Someone who has a sub tenant lease which they could be paying to the Inquilini or the Coloni.  Remember that a Land Baron owns the acres. These questions were meant to get a feeling for what he's worth.  He has people on his property who pay him rent or goods or services in exchange for living there. They are not Guests invited as we think of it now.  Think "By my Grace."  Such as "Luckily I let them live here and pay me with 52 days labor a year."

FRATRES - Literally Brothers - Actually sons / males  

FILFA - Literally Daughters - Actually daughters / females REMEMBER THESE PEOPLE ARE NOT INCLUDED IN column two, so they are not "productive." Too bad there are no stats on their ages.

SERVI - servants

ANCILLAE - slaves (yes, slaves)
At this time and far into the future there is not so much difference between a live-in servant and a slave. Children are the property of their Fathers.  Women are property of their Husbands. Servants can't say no when told to do something, any more than slaves can, though they may have more "freedom." (Slaves sometimes raised their rank after a period of time in Europe.  In Early America, as an example, people sometimes worked without payment for the family that paid their ticket to sail over the Atlantic by working for free for seven or more years. They were called "indentured servants."  Who were the slaves in 1828: they were in some, not all parts of Hungary, the Rom - the gypsies.)

OPIFES - Literally Helping (People who are working part time or seasonally such as migrant workers or farm laborers who do a little this and that. For instance, you might have opifes to help you to pick a seasonal crop or can goods.  Be careful not to confuse this word with OPIFEX, which means "industrialist" and indicates a tradesman.)

MERCATORES - Merchants who have product to sell. Traders who take commissions for their part in the selling process. Let's say the head of household has extra grain to sell.  This person is hired to sell it. An agricultural broker.

QUAESTORES - For the purposes of this census, think Financial Advisory, Money Man, CFO, Tax accountant; some expert who does the math and helps the property owner.  (Important since they might also negotiate the tax.)

4) How many houses do the people in column one own? DOMUS A QUIBUS CENSUS SOLVITUR  Home which this census focuses on. This means at this location.  I've found the same people owning houses in various places. It's location-based question, not a question of a person's entire net worth. At the time there must have been an understanding of what a typical house was worth based on size, condition, and location, just as there is now.
NRO.  These moneys.
RII - ??
V. - ??  (I believe these three estimations are used in a mathematical formula for estimating the value / taxes.)

5) There might be other dwellings on the property other than the house.  So the entire property - let's say a house, a shed, a small barn, a garden, etc, is called a HOMESTEAD.  FUNDI INTRAVILLANI - the Estate. (Try not to think of Beverly Hills real estate when you hear the word Estate.  Even today in the U.S. a person can die and leave an "estate" of $1.)

What is the value of all this land and the dwellings on it?
ORGYARAM CONSVETUM PRETIUM - This is not a literal translation (I'm still working on it) but I believe it's something like Overall Consensus of Price or Value or Premium (Highest) Value.

6) Hungary is mostly agricultural, so most people farm or at least have a home garden plot. The government wants to know how much GRAIN is being produced on that land which is sold or traded so it's beyond the home garden.  Again that is at this location.  The grain may be considered "cereal" which people eat, or grain for animals to feed on. TRANSLATIONS TO FOLLOW.

7) How many MEADOWS does the person own?  Meadow brings visions of broad vista of property with a stream flowing through and blooming with wild flowers but in this case think GRAZING LAND. You set your horse, cattle, sheep, goats, to graze. Certain crops do well grown in meadows.  Usually this is grasses / wheat. So what was the amount harvested and what was the profit from the meadow?

8) WINE!  Very Important! What Hungarian doesn't own a vineyard?  Again, the harvest, profit, and how many people work to pick the grapes is of interest to the government. Wine is Big Business.  

Many Hungarians grew only enough grapes to make wine for home use.  As in most of Europe, common wine was drunk with meals instead of water, or mixed with water, as the alcohol made it was safer to drink. If you see that a person owns 1/4 or 1/2 a vineyard at that location, it's probably that other family members - in particular brothers or relatives with families - are sharing a vineyard.  (Are there other land owners in this location with the same surname? Do they also share a vineyard?  Could they be related?)

9) ORCHARDS!  Again what is the harvest and the profit?
For Hungarians apricots and apples and peaches and cherries are prime crops.

10)  PEROCRA : BULLS, COWS, and HORSES : LARGE DOMESTICATED, WORKING ANIMALS.  ( I think the horse is most needed. It's like asking if you have transportation or are on foot. Oxen did farm labor of pulling machinery.) Think WORKING ANIMALS though a cow can be milked.

Details:

-BOVES juggles - COWS - Boys - in other words BULLS
-Vaccaue foetau - Pregnant Cows - COWS
-Vacae Sterile - Cows who are not pregnant /sterile. STEERS
-Juvenci and Juvenca - juvenile cows - male and female  annos superante
3 years old - HEIFERS
-Juvenci and Juvenca - juvenile cows - male and female 
- annos superante 2 annose superante - 2 years old or older  
-EQUI curriferi  - HORSES wild and of the herd -
 males and females (horses) over the age of 3
 males and females (horses) over the age of 2
(Female bovines born as twins to a male bovine are usually sterile. Some male bovines are castrated.  The concern here is what breeding stock the farmer has.)

11) PECUTES : SHEEP, PIGS, and GOATS are considered to be SMALL DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. (But have you ever seen a 400 pound pig?!)  Goats were needed for milk. They were as always famous for not being picky eaters and good for clearing weeds. Think SMALL ANIMALS FOR FOOD.



Details: unum annem complentes : how many in the last year? 
OVES - SHEEP 
SETIGERI - HOGS
CAPRAE - GOATS

12) SYLVAE : FORESTED land. Woods: Trees for nuts and lumber.  Almonds and Hazelnuts are prime tree crops. The questions is not about a small amount taken for personal use by the family but where there is a large amount to be weighed.

13) MISCELLANEOUS. (Could be interesting...)  A place for the census taker to observe that there are buildings on the property that are not the family home or for family use specifically.  For instance, he might list that there is a ruined castle on the property or that there is a chapel or a blacksmith shop. The census taker has an eye for what is income producing or is evidence of wealth.

14) NOTES of the census taker. (His observations of you and what you own could have impact. Be nice to him.  Don't offer up too much information.  Offer him a meal or a glass or wine, probably not a bribe!) 

At the end of each location book, there are also handwritten notes. These are important to look at as well. They are about the various people who were listed and what they own.  While the person listed was probably there when that accounting took place, these notes may have been added later as a report to the government. 

This post is part of a series.  To bring up all posts click on the tag: Gen Tips : 1828 Hungarian Census

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This blog has wonderful references and links as well as genealogy research information on multiple topics.  

GETTING UP TO SPEED FOR THE NEW YEAR

This past holiday season was a bit unusual for me because I joined up with a relatives huge family celebration that included new traditions they had adopted over the years and since I'd last seen them all.  This included a birthday cake for Jesus that included candles, the children singing "Happy Birthday" to Jesus, and one of them blowing the candles out: of course this included the trick candles that refuse to blow out the first and second try.

(Seems no one is ever concerned about breath on cake tops being germ-filled!)

My memory of this family was that everyone watched the Pope say Mass from Rome on a cable station and then opened presents.  My memory was also of there being turkey, ham, and lasagna, plus many platters and tins full of desert cookies and cakes.  Well, there was no watching the Pope say Mass and they had gotten into healthier and more minimalistic holiday eating, but one of the daughters spends an afternoon making several of grandma's cookie recipes so was carrying on some of the tradition.

About a week before the holiday we went to the cemetery to decorate the graves for Christmas, totally new to me.  The Italian branch of the family had also put photos of the person in the grave on the gravestones.  The extreme expensive of burial these days has me quite concerned.  I don't think I will be.  I'm feeling pretty sure I'll be cremated and there is a spot on earth where I would like a simple cardboard box of ashes to be buried.  When we got to this cemetery though I was surprised to see so many families out decorating the burials, and when I saw the burial for a child that included an entire decorated fake Christmas tree I felt some tears come to my eyes.

Soon after this visit I and everyone else got sick - be it allergies, sinus, the flu, a virus, an infection, we were all coughing, hacking, exhausted, and sleeping too much or up all night.

So I'm still trying to step on the gas and get up to full speed for the New Year - 2018!

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100th ANNIVERSARY of THE HOLY VISIONS at FATIMA - Another Miracle Revealed?

Since the 100th anniversary of the Miracle at Fatima - Portugal is upon us, there's been a lot of news about this event.  There wasn't just one sighting, there were a series of meetings back in 1917.  The World War I era.

If you're interested in listening to a recent program about the controversial "3rd Secret" you might want to go to YouTube and search for Coast to Coast AM - Fatima. - Guest Peter Levenda.

First check the story by Joseph Ronechen concerning the miraculously untangled rosaries.
NATIONAL CATHOLIC REGISTER - EYEWITNESS of THE DAY THE SUN DANCED

TEASER/EXCERPT: The woman continued her miracle story. “People put their rosaries on the ground. They knew what way the Blessed Mother would face, and they put their rosaries out there in front of the place. [The pile of] rosaries were shaped like a cross. [After the apparition] There were so many that when everybody went to get their rosaries, they were all tangled up. And they were trying to find the right rosary.

***
Of course it's said that 70,000 people assembled to see the Miracle of the sun dancing in the sky.  (I do wonder about the size of the crowd simply because sometimes these estimates grow through the years.) Many people have since thought that maybe this was a UFO, specifically an alien spaceship and that the Blessed Mother apparition was either a hologram, the actual Blessed Mother (perhaps in her energy rather than corporeal body), or an alien acting as a Blessed Mother.  These science oriented skeptics of course think there is some conspiracy with the Catholic Church. With a massive world wide number of Catholics, what a great way to get the message across that Russia would need to go back to being prayerful and Catholic?

***
What does it take to become a Catholic Saint?  Martyrdom for the Faith, a life of amazingly impactful works, or - the clincher - miracles of healing attributed to you.  Two of the Fatima children, who died not long after the apparitions, which was one of the things the Blessed Mother told the children, have been canonized by Pope Francis.

NATIONAL CATHOLIC REGISER : FRANCISCO and JACINTA of FATIMA CANNONIZED
EXCERPT: Pope Francis on Saturday officially declared Francisco and Jacinta Marto saints of the Catholic Church in front of hundreds of thousands of pilgrims at the Fatima Shrine in Portugal — teaching that even young children can become saints.
“For the honor of the Blessed Trinity, the exaltation of the Catholic faith and the increase of the Christian life, by the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, and our own, after due deliberation and frequent prayer for divine assistance, and having sought the counsel of many of our brother bishops, we declare and define Blesseds Francisco Marto and Jacinta Marto to be saints,” Pope Francis exclaimed May 13 as the crowd roared with applause.

***
Every day there seems to be another announcement of the discovery of another planet or moon of a planet that has the chemistry that we think is necessary for some form of life - even if it be tiny microbes.  So to me it is entirely possible that we are not alone in the universe.  And if there are beings like us, then the Creator must have created them too.  But are they Good Guys or Bad Guys?  Do they want to help us earthlings advance scientifically or spiritually?  If they're visiting our planet, I sure hope so!


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NATIONAL TRANSLATION MONTH SUBMISSIONS FOR 2017 ARE NOW OPEN

http://nationaltranslationmonth.org/four-hungarian-poets-translated-by-paul-sohar/


NATIONAL TRANSLATION MONTH ORG - SEPTEMBER IS THE MONTH


See what's up.  Click on the links.  Read some Hungarian poetry translated into English.

HUNGARIAN CHRISTMAS

NOW THAT YOU'VE ARRIVED AT MAGYAR-AMERICAN BLOGSPOT, take some time to browse the posts!

I MEET A HUNGARIAN- AMERICAN NEIGHBOR FOR THE FIRST TIME : HE CAN COMMUNICATE WITH FINNISH PEOPLE and HIS CHINESE GIRLFRIEND!

Oh the MYSTERIOUSNESS of being HUNGARIAN!  And Hungarians themselves are into the mystery of our origins and reading all around the human genome and DNA about now.

Last week, walking my dog, I happened to meet a neighbor I didn't know about who is a Hungarian-American of recent vintage.  What an interesting and enthusiastic young person!

Of course, he mentioned that his people were now calling themselves Germans and Slovaks as well, because of well - the way the countries borders changed.  But his first language is Hungarian, and I must stay his English is excellent, just enough accent to know that.  He lives with his CHINESE girlfriend.

We talked for quite a long time.  Enough that my dog lay down without being told to.  (She knows that "mom is going to have a long conversation!")

I told him at the start of the conversation that I do genealogy research, that I don't speak Hungarian, but that I translate with the help of dictionaries and by asking other people who do speak it when I get stuck.  I told him that I was convinced it was an Asian language, because by putting words in front or back or a root, you change the word - the imagery - that Hungarian is a poetical and humorous language. 

I told him that sometimes when I translate place names, for instance, I'm reminded of the translations one gets in certain Chinese restaurants.  For instance, one place, which is on a plateau with a lot of pine trees around seemed to be named "Black Hat."  (One Chinese soup that has something for everyone to pick out of it is called "Happy Family.")

"I can understand Finnish people!  I can understand things my girlfriend says and she's Chinese, because of that placement," he said.  "We're MONGOLIANS!"

To finesse this a bit, there is evidence that while the LANGUAGE, which is not from the Latin, and not from the Slavs, probably came from an ancient starter population that dominated life at some point, and there is evidence that the Mongolians DNA is in, not only some Hungarians, but in a swath of countries, including southern Poland, parts of Germany, and so on,  it may be a case of the DNA being diverse and the language being what prevailed even if the original native speakers' DNA became minority DNA.

I look into this every few months, because I know that DNA and the human genome science is getting more and more specific and interesting all the time.

I look forward to another conversation in the moment with Ferenz!