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THE AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE : GALICIA : CADASTRAL MAPS : HOUSE NUMBERS : GENEALOGY GEN-TIPS SERIES #3

Austrian-Hungarian Empire - Gen Tip # 3

Térkép is the Hungarian word for map. Térképek is the Hungarian word for maps. Vármegye is the Hungarian word for county. Some of the maps will use LATIN and some will use GERMAN.

A real find is when the register of a Cadastral Map that was made with the map still exists. The  register equates the numbers on the map, the numbers on the map, with the names of the property owners!  

This is especially helpful because basically the current day numbering system for buildings cannot be counted on to reflect the place a person lived or the land they owned back in the day. (I know you wanted to use Google maps to see where they lived using that information but...)

In villages and towns, even those with streets that were named and still have the same name today, the numbering system is not the same. For instance, today, if you want an address in a town in America, you will find that the even numbers are on one side of the street and the odd numbers on the other. Houses actually have house numbers on them and that's your official address for mail and packages and probably is the address on your driver's license or ID. Streets and roads are easy to identify with so much signage. That's not how house and buildings were numbered, if at all, in villages and small towns where everybody knew everybody and a stranger could easily get instructions on where to find someone. A local would show where to go by pointing, walking you there, or telling you to follow a curve in the road until you came to a big tree.

Houses in old Europe were often given numbers in the order they were built.  I've heard it said that the lower the number the older the building.  I've also heard it said that the numbers went up the further from the church. There are many churches that were built near an especially scenic or otherwise good location, such as near a running stream. Usually a settlement came first, and then, if there were enough people to attend a church, a church. (Find out when the church was built and if your ancestors lived in a village before it was build, their church records are likely at another village.) 

House numbers on births, marriages, and death records can help you identify family members - even generational members. The house (or farm or estate) number is where the event happened. (That means that if the birth was at the house of the midwife rather than at home the number might not be the family home,  but usually midwives came to the house of the birthing mother.) Most valuable are the numbers that appear on marriage records since they reflect where the bride and the groom were living at the time of the marriage, though the ritual happened in the church. You may be able to see if they started their married life in with parents and which household, and perhaps how long they lived there through the births of children, until they found a place of their own. Tradition in Hungarian culture was that the bride went to live with her husband's family.

One last thing.  The "house number" may actually not be the number of a HOUSE but of a PROPERTY that has many dwellings on it, such as a communal farmstead. This may account for a number of surnames at that number, including the boy and girl "nextdoor" who marry.  It may also represent the property being split among descendants.

So let's take a look at HUNGARICANA DATABASES LINK TO MAPS

HUNGARICANA MAPS LINKS  There are many maps of the capital, Budapest, but an array of towns.  Don't stop looking if the place you want is not on this list. Instead run a search for the name of the town (which will probably be included in the county.)

Here are cadastral maps of Livazeny - really terrific!  See the names of the land owners and then the land they owned. HUNGARICANA - LIVAZENY

Some maps are not of the "town" but of the agricultural land and may include plans for moving water or what crops or trees are planted.  Some of these maps include the names of the owners of that land.

Here is a map that is in LATIN and shows where the vineyards and orchards are:

MAPS HUNGARICANA MEGYE - GONC RUSKA

Delineatio praedii Klastrom I (nclito) Comit(tat) ui Abaujvari  (Latin) 

I ran a search for LIPTO County and all these came up! HUNGARICANA MAPS LIPTO  notice that when you click on the map it brings up the modern map/location.

In the next post we'll look at another MAP RESOURCE!

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All posts in this series have the tab Austrian-Hungarian Empire - Gen Tips

To bring up all posts in the series click on the label below!

BLUE and WHITE

 

THE AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE : CADASTRAL MAPS : HOUSE NUMBERS : GENEALOGY GEN-TIPS SERIES #2

Austrian-Hungarian Empire - Gen Tip # 2

The historical time we are focusing on and is valuable to Hungarian researchers is when Galicia was a territory that was once owned by the Austrian Crown, and then the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. As a territory under the rule of  the Austrian Crown and then the Austrian-Hungarian empire, Galicia came into being in 1772, in what was called the 'first partition' (of Poland).There are many opinions about the region during those times. I've listened to academics and rabbis who present their teachings about Galicia on YouTube videos, and well, everyone has their opinion but the man who says it never existed is wrong. It did and there are maps to prove it.

That said, for most of you who are tracing ancestors who were in Hungary, present day Hungarian, Slovakian, Austrian, perhaps Croation, archives will be most important.

SHEPHERDS and SHOEMAKERS on GALICIA - CADASTRAL MAPS 

Galicia is the focus of the website Shepherds and Shoemakers, a family history and genealogy site that I respect. It's informative and useful for genealogy.  The site came up again when I was searching for information on CADASTRAL MAPS. 

In the United States these maps are called Plat Maps. There are sketches, charts, and sometimes plans for the future on these maps.  (For instance, I found one in the U.S. that showed the plans for streets, including the street names, that had not been yet paved - which go back to the late 1950's. A land owner and developer used these for many purposes, beyond designing his dream suburb with the names of his wife and children for street names. They were probably used to get the development past city planning officials and as part of a proposal for financing at the bank.)

Cadastral maps can be of value to your family history and genealogy project. Land surveys were done and the map illustrated the boundaries of properties, the real estate. The maps defined legal rights and responsibility regarding property ownership and use. This all tied in with the things one could not avoid.  To quote my mom, "death and taxes."  

You may be able to tie them in with census, wills, and other documents.

Undertaking the survey and making of the maps was an effort to better understand the towns and villages that it now controlled. The maps helped the government better understand the villages and towns, land ownership, and the value of each settlement that was mapped. 

All posts in this series have the tab Austrian-Hungarian Empire - Gen Tips

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THE AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE : GALICIA : CADASTRAL MAPS : HOUSE NUMBERS : GENEALOGY GEN-TIPS SERIES #1

GENEALOGY PRO-TIPS SERIES  Hello Genealogy Friends.  This is the start of an expansive series on the Austrian-Hungarian Empire and the use of maps....  Stick with me!  There's a lot to learn together.  As with all my other Hungarian Genealogy Tips, the series name is put on each tab so you can pull it all up.

INTRODUCTION TO THIS SERIES Austrian-Hungarian Empire - Gen Tip #1

This icon, from Graphics Fairy, is being used to designate posts for this series.

A WORD ABOUT THE HISTORY OF GALICIA, CADASTRAL MAPS, and HUNGARY.

You say, "What? I thought Magyar-American BlogSpot was all about Hungarian and Hungarian-Americans! Why are we talking about Galicia? Wasn't that in Poland?  

Well... I always advise that a genealogist research the history of the locations that they find their ancestors and use historical records hand in hand with genealogy records. A good part of Poland was part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire.

The historical time we are focusing on and that is valuable to Hungarian researchers is when Galicia was a territory that was once owned by the Austrian Crown, and then the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. 

Austrian-Hungarian Empire

Österreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie in GERMAN

Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia in HUNGARIAN means Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy

Here's some historical background:

As a territory under the rule of  the Austrian Crown and then the Austrian-Hungarian empire, Galicia came into being in 1772, in what was called the 'first partition' (of Poland). 

GALICIA was a vast expanse, which is now south-central and south - in what is now Podkarpakie (Subcarpathia) Poland, a tiny bit of what is now Slovakia but was Hungary, and a portion of what is now western Ukraine. (It's not to be confused with the Galicia of Spain though that comes up when you use databases.) The name Galicia is supposed to have come from the word Galizien which was Halychyna in Ukrainian and Halicz in Poland. 

Galicia was already an ethnically diverse area with a Polish and Carpatho-Rusyn (Ruthenian) Slavic settlers, who were mostly Roman Catholic or "Greek" Catholic. (The Greek Catholics were not ethnically Greek but were originally converted to Christianity by Christian missionaries from Greece.) However, though mostly Catholic, there were Protestants such as Lutheran Germans.

As time went on, Galicia was a good place to settle for Jews, and the Jews who came in included some Sephardic roots Jews, who had left after being exited from Spain and Portugal, as well as the Ashkenazi 'German' Jews and Russian Jews. Over time, there came to be a became significant Jewish population, mostly merchants. 

There were other immigrations of ethnic Germans into what was Hungary, but now this wave of immigration brought them in from Austria. We find the presence of Germanic surnames in Catholic records and Germans marrying Poles. These Austrian-Germans were often also nobles, administrators, and those in a higher status than the traditionally agricultural "peasants' or the men and women who earned their living through making shoes or other useful items that took skill, craft, and artistry. 

We also find Hungarian surnames in Galicia and Polish names in Hungary.

l find that the nobility was intermarrying with nobility of other ethnicities for some time - going the distance to make a good marriage - so today there is some confusion or controversy over who was a Slovak, Polish, Ruthenian, Lithuanian, or Hungarian noble. (And some nobles were also at least partly Italian, Czech, or another ethnicity.) 

One thing you should consider is that a surname might have been changed to be more Polish, more Hungarian, more German - especially note the endings: ski, sky, skyi, szke...

Through time, there were very many incursions, raids, battles and wars fought in Galicia and for it before the Nazi's. This included the Mongols and the Tatars - who took men, women, and children into slavery and marched them into the Ottoman Empire of Turkey. It also included the Swedes, and - contrary to the thought that Poland and Hungary were "always friends"  Ferenc Rakoczi II, Prince of Transylvania, and his army also came into the Podkarpakie area, devastating towns. There were also the Russians coming into Galicia, who are now in war to take Ukraine, as Russia thinks of Ukraine as a historical part of Russia.

On old maps of GALICIA you see the Carpathian mountain range is to the south, running through what is today SLOVAKIA, but was then HUNGARY. The main trade route is from southern "trade route" towns such as Dukla, Poland, through the Dukla Pass around Cergowa, Poland, and into Hungary. Once the whole region was especially significant in the wine business with travel through the Pass into the Hungarian grape growing and wine making region. Some of the Galician market towns had wine cellars for the storage of wine brought up from Hungarian wine country. There was significant trade between Hungary and Galicia of other items as well. This meant that people who identified as Hungarian and people who identified as Polish or another ethnicity were meeting up.

So valuable was this road  through the mountains called the Dukla Pass, because it was the pass with the lowest elevation, the easiest to travel, that many thousands died in World War II trying to control it. As the intention to murder the Jews in Poland became clear, many fled Galicia and came into Hungary. As well, the Carpatho-Rusyn (Ruthenians) were also forced to move by the occupying Germans to other areas than their traditional homeland, dispersing them throughout Poland. Since their homeland included places in Hungary (now Slovakia) some fled there - moving south - rather than be moved around Poland.

Regarding World War II, the Nazi's won. They used the Dukla Pass route to invade Hungary, as one of two major routes into the country. Stories were that one day the people were in the fields and markets and the next they were - gone.

It's a difficult history.

Continue on with this series ....  

All posts in this series have the tab Austrian-Hungarian Empire - Gen Tips

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HUNGARIAN STATE OPERA HOUSE in BUDAPEST

Hungarian State Opera House in Budapest, Hungary

Illustration by Dörre Tivadar

SAINT TERESA OF AVILA BODY STILL INCORRUPT : DEAD SINCE 1582

DAILY MAIL SCIENCE: SAINT THERESA OF AVILA BODY INCORRUPT by Niki Main Science Reporter  - Good photos but no you won't see the body in this article.

Science will be applied to determine how it is that the saint's body is so well preserved and also how to keep it that way...

Excerpt:

The Diocese has taken stringent measures to protect the saint's remains, including requiring a total of 10 keys to access her coffin.

Three of the keys are held by the Duke of Alba, another three are possessed by the city of Alba de Tormes and the Discalced Carmelite Father General in Rome has an additional three.

The 10th key - known as the King's key - is also needed to access St Teresa's remains, with three needed to open the outer gate, three to open the tomb and four to open the coffin.

GLORIA : SONATA FOR TRUMPET AND BASSO CONTINUO IN D MAJOR " ALLEGRO

THE AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE : GALICIA : CADASTRAL MAPS : HOUSE NUMBERS : GENEALOGY GEN-TIPS SERIES : NEW GENEALOGY SERIES STARTING SEPTEMBER 17th!

THE AUSTRIAN-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE : GALICIA : CADASTRAL MAPS : HOUSE NUMBERS : GENEALOGY GEN-TIPS SERIES

I hope those readers who come to MAGYAR AMERICAN BLOGSPOT for some help with their genealogy will find this series helpful!

Maps were made to define land boundaries and property ownership, often for purposes of taxation, but also inheritance, and to understand where responsibilities began and ended. This can include "zoning" and the proper use of land. Some maps that were made on paper include colored representations of farm land and crops, building, streets and roads, rivers and streams and lakes, mountains and flatlands...

In the previous centuries in which people lived in an agriculturally driven world, and sometimes "off the land," villages sometimes conspired to keep land in the hands of local families where everyone understand who was who and who owned - or rented - what.  Sometimes, in order to do this, marriages were arranged....

Bookmark this site and come back next week to follow the series!

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CANNED FRUIT COCKTAIL - OATMEAL SWEET BISCUITS : FOOD BANK RECIPES

 CANNED FRUIT COCKTAIL - OATMEAL SWEET BISCUITS

Slightly Sweet and Pretty Too

Cupcake pans best.  No need to use papers.

The difference between a cupcake and a biscuit is the ratio of wet ingredients, particularly water, to dry ingredients. 

Wet Ingredients:

1 can fruit cocktail (usually mixed fruit that includes peaches, pears, grapes) including liquid.

1 large egg or two small.

Water : about a quarter to half a cup but watch the batter, add water slowly while mixing only if needed. Depending on the brand of fruit cocktail, you may not need to add more water at all. ***

1/4 cup liquid vegetable oil such as soy. (If you do not have oil on hand, plain yogurt can work.)

1/4 teaspoon vanilla or vanilla substitute (Optional. If you use oatmeal cereal packets, the sugar and flavoring spices will change the flavor and you will not need vanilla or to add sugar.)

3 restaurant sugar packets (or about 1 level teaspoon of sugar). The fruit cocktail liquid in the can is likely all the sugar you will need to sweeten the biscuit so this sugar is optional.

Dry Ingredients:

3 cups white flour

2 cups oatmeal (quick cook the best)

1 full teaspoon baking powder

Optional:

Dry almonds. If your almonds seem too hard to easily chew, consider soaking them in clean warm water for ten minutes to soften them up. Walnuts are also good.

Instructions:

Use a few drops of vegetable oil to grease inside the cupcake tins.

Turn the oven on 425 degrees to preheat and plan to work quickly.

In separate bowls, hand mix the dry ingredients and then hand mix the wet ingredients, just enough for the wet to appear like a slurry.

Dump the dry ingredients into the wet and stir the mixture around just enough so it's blended; look at it and add water a little at a time only if it appears that there is excess dry ingredients in the bowl. ***

Stir in almonds.

Spoon mixture into the cupcake tins using a large spoon, careful to make each about the same size so they bake evenly. Makes about 12 to 18 biscuits.

Check the biscuits at about 15 minutes. Touch the top of a biscuit for firmness. It should give just a little and, after cooling, will be firm when done. Do not pierce with a fork like you would a cake. My old oven takes about 20 minutes.

Let the biscuits cool a bit in the cupcake tins before using a large spoon to scoop them out.

The fruit cocktail will allow a delicious and still wet fruit flavor to come through. Good for a desert or a take along breakfast or snack.

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Click the label Food Bank Recipes to get to other recipes posted.